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Aquaculture
Aquaculture is the cultivation of the natural produce of water (fish, shellfish,
algae and other aquatic organisms). Also known as aquafarming, the term is
distinguished from fishing by the idea of active human effort in maintaining or
increasing the number of organisms involved, as opposed to simply taking them
from the wild. Subsets of aquaculture include Mariculture (aquaculture in the
ocean); Algaculture (the production of kelp/seaweed and other algae); Fish
farming (the raising of catfish, tilapia and milkfish in freshwater And Brackish
ponds or salmon in marine ponds); and the growing of cultured pearls.
History
Aquaculture has been used since ancient times and can be found in many cultures.
Aquaculture was used in China circa 2500 BC. When the waters lowered after river
floods, some fishes, namely carp, were held in artificial lakes. Their brood
were later fed using nymphs and silkworm feces, while the fish themselves were
eaten as a source of protein. The Hawaiian people practiced aquaculture by
constructing fish ponds (see Hawaiian aquaculture). A remarkable example from
ancient Hawaii is the construction of a fish pond, dating from at least 1,000
years ago, at Alekoko. According to legend, it was constructed by the mythical
Menehune. The Japanese practiced cultivation of seaweed by providing bamboo
poles and, later, nets and oyster shells to serve as anchoring surfaces for
spores. The Romans often bred fish in ponds.
Economic importance
In 2003, the total world production of fisheries product was 132.2 million
tonnes of which aquaculture contributed 41.9 million tonnes or about 31% of the
total world production. The growth rate of worldwide aquaculture is very rapid
(> 10% per year for most species) while the contribution to the total from wild
fisheries has been essentially flat for the last decade.
In the US, approximately 90% of all shrimp consumed is farmed and imported.[2]
In recent years salmon aquaculture has become a major export in southern Chile,
especially in Puerto Montt and Quellón, Chile's fastest-growing city.
Aquaculture is an especially important economic activity in China. Between 1980
and 1997, the Chinese Bureau of Fisheries reports, aquaculture harvests grew at
an annual rate of 16.7 percent, jumping from 1.9 million to nearly 23 million
tons. China now produces 70% of the world's farmed fish.
Types Of Fish In Aquaculture
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Asian carp, Silver carp
Bighead carp, Black carp, Grass carp, Catla,Learn Aquaculture, SCHOOLS
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